Polycentric governance is a concept in political science and public administration that refers to a system of governance in which multiple centers of authority and decision-making coexist within a single political system. These multiple centers may include governmental bodies at different levels, as well as non-governmental organizations, community groups, and other actors. Polycentric governance is based on the idea that complex social, economic, and environmental problems are best addressed through a network of interconnected decision-making bodies that can respond more flexibly and effectively to local needs and circumstances. This approach is often contrasted with traditional hierarchical forms of governance, in which decisions are made by a single central authority. The concept of polycentric governance has been applied in various contexts, including environmental management, urban planning, and international relations. Proponents of polycentric governance argue that it can lead to more sustainable and equitable outcomes by promoting collaboration, innovation, and local ownership of decision-making processes.